Drizzle과 Neon 시작하기

Drizzle은 neon-http와 neon-websockets 드라이버를 통해 Neon 연결을 네이티브로 지원합니다. 이 드라이버들은 내부적으로 neon-serverless 드라이버를 사용합니다.

neon-http와 neon-websockets 드라이버를 사용하면 서버리스 환경에서 TCP 대신 HTTP 또는 WebSocket을 통해 Neon 데이터베이스에 액세스할 수 있습니다. HTTP를 통한 쿼리는 단일 비대화형 트랜잭션에 더 빠릅니다.

세션이나 대화형 트랜잭션 지원이 필요하거나, pg 드라이버와 완전히 호환되는 대체 드라이버가 필요한 경우 WebSocket 기반 neon-serverless 드라이버를 사용할 수 있습니다. Postgres를 사용하여 Neon 데이터베이스에 직접 연결할 수도 있습니다.

Basic file structure

This is the basic file structure of the project. In the src/db directory, we have table definition in schema.ts. In drizzle folder there are sql migration file and snapshots.

📦 <project root>
 ├ 📂 drizzle
 ├ 📂 src
 │   ├ 📂 db
 │   │  └ 📜 schema.ts
 │   └ 📜 index.ts
 ├ 📜 .env
 ├ 📜 drizzle.config.ts
 ├ 📜 package.json
 └ 📜 tsconfig.json

1단계 - @neondatabase/serverless 패키지 설치

npm i drizzle-orm @neondatabase/serverless dotenv
npm i -D drizzle-kit tsx

yarn add drizzle-orm @neondatabase/serverless dotenv
yarn add -D drizzle-kit tsx

pnpm add drizzle-orm @neondatabase/serverless dotenv
pnpm add -D drizzle-kit tsx

bun add drizzle-orm @neondatabase/serverless dotenv
bun add -D drizzle-kit tsx

2단계 - 연결 변수 설정

Create a .env file in the root of your project and add your database connection variable:

DATABASE_URL=

3단계 - Drizzle ORM을 데이터베이스에 연결

Create a index.ts file in the src directory and initialize the connection:

import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/neon-http';

const db = drizzle(process.env.DATABASE_URL);

If you need a synchronous connection, you can use our additional connection API, where you specify a driver connection and pass it to the Drizzle instance.

import { neon } from '@neondatabase/serverless';
import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/neon-http';

const sql = neon(process.env.DATABASE_URL!);
const db = drizzle({ client: sql });

4단계 - 테이블 생성

Create a schema.ts file in the src/db directory and declare your table:

import { integer, pgTable, varchar } from "drizzle-orm/pg-core";

export const usersTable = pgTable("users", {
  id: integer().primaryKey().generatedAlwaysAsIdentity(),
  name: varchar({ length: 255 }).notNull(),
  age: integer().notNull(),
  email: varchar({ length: 255 }).notNull().unique(),
});

5단계 - Drizzle 설정 파일 구성

Drizzle config - a configuration file that is used by Drizzle Kit and contains all the information about your database connection, migration folder and schema files.

Create a drizzle.config.ts file in the root of your project and add the following content:

import 'dotenv/config';
import { defineConfig } from 'drizzle-kit';

export default defineConfig({
  out: './drizzle',
  schema: './src/db/schema.ts',
  dialect: 'postgresql',
  dbCredentials: {
    url: process.env.DATABASE_URL!,
  },
});

6단계 - 데이터베이스에 변경사항 적용

You can directly apply changes to your database using the drizzle-kit push command. This is a convenient method for quickly testing new schema designs or modifications in a local development environment, allowing for rapid iterations without the need to manage migration files:

npx drizzle-kit push

Read more about the push command in documentation.

npx drizzle-kit generate

npx drizzle-kit migrate

7단계 - 데이터베이스 시딩 및 쿼리

Let’s update the src/index.ts file with queries to create, read, update, and delete users

import 'dotenv/config';
import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/neon-http';
import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm';
import { usersTable } from './db/schema';
  
const db = drizzle(process.env.DATABASE_URL!);

async function main() {
  const user: typeof usersTable.$inferInsert = {
    name: 'John',
    age: 30,
    email: 'john@example.com',
  };

  await db.insert(usersTable).values(user);
  console.log('New user created!')

  const users = await db.select().from(usersTable);
  console.log('Getting all users from the database: ', users)
  /*
  const users: {
    id: number;
    name: string;
    age: number;
    email: string;
  }[]
  */

  await db
    .update(usersTable)
    .set({
      age: 31,
    })
    .where(eq(usersTable.email, user.email));
  console.log('User info updated!')

  await db.delete(usersTable).where(eq(usersTable.email, user.email));
  console.log('User deleted!')
}

main();

8단계 - index.ts 파일 실행

To run any TypeScript files, you have several options, but let’s stick with one: using tsx

You’ve already installed tsx, so we can run our queries now

Run index.ts script

npx tsx src/index.ts

yarn tsx src/index.ts

pnpm tsx src/index.ts

bunx tsx src/index.ts

bun src/index.ts