Drizzle과 Turso Cloud 시작하기

This guide assumes familiarity with:

Basic file structure

This is the basic file structure of the project. In the src/db directory, we have table definition in schema.ts. In drizzle folder there are sql migration file and snapshots.

📦 <project root>
 ├ 📂 drizzle
 ├ 📂 src
 │   ├ 📂 db
 │   │  └ 📜 schema.ts
 │   └ 📜 index.ts
 ├ 📜 .env
 ├ 📜 drizzle.config.ts
 ├ 📜 package.json
 └ 📜 tsconfig.json

Step 1 - 필수 패키지 설치

npm
yarn
pnpm
bun
npm i drizzle-orm @libsql/client dotenv
npm i -D drizzle-kit tsx

Step 2 - 연결 변수 설정

프로젝트 루트에 .env 파일을 생성하고 Turso 데이터베이스 URL과 인증 토큰을 추가합니다:

TURSO_DATABASE_URL=
TURSO_AUTH_TOKEN=
important

TURSO_DATABASE_URLTURSO_AUTH_TOKEN 값을 모르는 경우, LibSQL Driver SDK 튜토리얼을 참조하세요. 여기에서 확인한 후, 모든 값을 생성하여 .env 파일에 추가하고 돌아오세요.

Step 3 - Drizzle ORM을 데이터베이스에 연결

Drizzle은 모든 @libsql/client 드라이버 변형을 기본적으로 지원합니다:

@libsql/clientdefaults to node import, automatically changes to web if target or platform is set for bundler, e.g. esbuild --platform=browser
@libsql/client/nodenode compatible module, supports :memory:, file, wss, http and turso connection protocols
@libsql/client/webmodule for fullstack web frameworks like next, nuxt, astro, etc.
@libsql/client/httpmodule for http and https connection protocols
@libsql/client/wsmodule for ws and wss connection protocols
@libsql/client/sqlite3module for :memory: and file connection protocols
@libsql/client-wasmSeparate experimental package for WASM

default
node
web
http
web sockets
wasm
import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/libsql';

const db = drizzle({ connection: {
  url: process.env.DATABASE_URL, 
  authToken: process.env.DATABASE_AUTH_TOKEN 
}});

src 디렉토리에 index.ts 파일을 생성하고 연결을 초기화합니다:

import 'dotenv/config';
import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/libsql';

// libsql 연결 옵션의 모든 속성을 지정할 수 있습니다
const db = drizzle({
  connection: {
    url: process.env.TURSO_DATABASE_URL!,
    authToken: process.env.TURSO_AUTH_TOKEN!
  }
});

기존 드라이버를 제공해야 하는 경우:

import 'dotenv/config';
import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/libsql';
import { createClient } from '@libsql/client';

const client = createClient({
  url: process.env.TURSO_DATABASE_URL!,
  authToken: process.env.TURSO_AUTH_TOKEN!
});
const db = drizzle({ client });

Step 4 - 테이블 생성

Create a schema.ts file in the src/db directory and declare your table:

src/db/schema.ts
import { int, sqliteTable, text } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";

export const usersTable = sqliteTable("users_table", {
  id: int().primaryKey({ autoIncrement: true }),
  name: text().notNull(),
  age: int().notNull(),
  email: text().notNull().unique(),
});

Step 5 - Drizzle 설정 파일 구성

Drizzle config - Drizzle Kit에서 사용하는 설정 파일로, 데이터베이스 연결, 마이그레이션 폴더, 스키마 파일에 대한 모든 정보를 포함합니다.

프로젝트 루트에 drizzle.config.ts 파일을 생성하고 다음 내용을 추가합니다:

drizzle.config.ts
import 'dotenv/config';
import { defineConfig } from 'drizzle-kit';

export default defineConfig({
  out: './drizzle',
  schema: './src/db/schema.ts',
  dialect: 'turso',
  dbCredentials: {
    url: process.env.TURSO_DATABASE_URL,
    authToken: process.env.TURSO_AUTH_TOKEN,
  },
});

Step 6 - 데이터베이스에 변경사항 적용

You can directly apply changes to your database using the drizzle-kit push command. This is a convenient method for quickly testing new schema designs or modifications in a local development environment, allowing for rapid iterations without the need to manage migration files:

npx drizzle-kit push

Read more about the push command in documentation.

Tips

Alternatively, you can generate migrations using the drizzle-kit generate command and then apply them using the drizzle-kit migrate command:

Generate migrations:

npx drizzle-kit generate

Apply migrations:

npx drizzle-kit migrate

Read more about migration process in documentation.

Step 7 - 데이터베이스 시딩 및 쿼리

Let’s update the src/index.ts file with queries to create, read, update, and delete users

src/index.ts
import 'dotenv/config';
import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm';
import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/libsql';
import { usersTable } from './db/schema';

async function main() {
  const db = drizzle({ 
    connection: { 
        url: process.env.TURSO_DATABASE_URL!, 
        authToken: process.env.TURSO_AUTH_TOKEN!
    }
  });

  const user: typeof usersTable.$inferInsert = {
    name: 'John',
    age: 30,
    email: 'john@example.com',
  };

  await db.insert(usersTable).values(user);
  console.log('New user created!')

  const users = await db.select().from(usersTable);
  console.log('Getting all users from the database: ', users)
  /*
  const users: {
    id: number;
    name: string;
    age: number;
    email: string;
  }[]
  */

  await db
    .update(usersTable)
    .set({
      age: 31,
    })
    .where(eq(usersTable.email, user.email));
  console.log('User info updated!')

  await db.delete(usersTable).where(eq(usersTable.email, user.email));
  console.log('User deleted!')
}

main();

Step 8 - index.ts 파일 실행

To run any TypeScript files, you have several options, but let’s stick with one: using tsx

You’ve already installed tsx, so we can run our queries now

Run index.ts script

npm
yarn
pnpm
bun
npx tsx src/index.ts
tips

We suggest using bun to run TypeScript files. With bun, such scripts can be executed without issues or additional settings, regardless of whether your project is configured with CommonJS (CJS), ECMAScript Modules (ESM), or any other module format. To run a script with bun, use the following command:

bun src/index.ts

If you don’t have bun installed, check the Bun installation docs